rajatarangini was translated into persian by rajatarangini was translated into persian by

This seems to be official genealogy of the Sultanate. Prominent among them were Kota Bhat and Udyashri. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Son of Lalitaditya and Kamaladevi. His Dvity Rjataragin can be a continuation of Kalhanas Rjataragin and brings the annal of the rulers of Kashmir proper right down to the hour of the creators supporter Zain-ul-Abidin. For 56 years, The Journal of Asian Studies has been During Akbar's time the Ramayana and Mahabharata were also translated into Persian. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. Ramdas was a devotee of Hanuman and Rama. But his traditional conceptual framework, using uncritical assumptions and a belief in the role of the poet as an exponent of moral maxims, makes the idealizing content in his narrative, particularly for the early period, rather dominant. European Orientalist researchers who concentrated on the text from the mid-nineteenth century onwards called the Rajatarangini the solo work of history legitimate to rise out of old India. And 40 years after his passing, the translation has now been brought into publication thanks to the zealous efforts of a few lovers of classical literature. . The capital of India shift from Kolkata to New Delhi in the year 1911. [22] His policies, like with the previous Hindu rulers, were likely meant to gain access to the immense wealth controlled by Brahminical institutions;[23][22][24] further, Jonaraja's polemics stemmed, atleast in part, from his aversion to the slow disintegration of caste society under Islamic influence. Sanskrit In this article, we will learn about the great ruler, Razia sultan, and the monument, Alai Darwaza. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. According to D. C. Sircar, Kalhana has confused the legendary Vikramaditya of Ujjain with the Vardhana Emperor Harsha (c. 606-47 CE). Here, the emperor's top scribes and secretaries were given the task of translating a range of Sanskrit texts, including the Rajatarangini (The History of the Kings of Kashmir) and the Ramayana, into Persian. The Loharas ruled for many generations. By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. The summary is from J.C. Dutt's translation. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Sultan Zain-ul-Abidin of Kashmir had the famous historical work Rajatarangini and the Mahabharata translated into Persian. [5] Some of the kings and dynasties can be identified with inscriptions and the histories of the empires that periodically included the Kashmir valley, but for long periods the Rajatarangini is the only source. Nothing is known about his origin. The first translation of a portion of the Rajatarangini was carried out in Persian, at the behest of Sultan Zain-ul-Abidin (1421-1472) A.D of Kashmir. His son Kshemagupta married Didda, daughter of Simharaja of Lohara. that the material was genuinely picky. It does not store any personal data. This king is identified by some with Huna ruler Toramana, although his successor Mihirakula is placed much earlier by Kalhana.[12]. 3 Who was the last king of Gonanda dynasty? Researchers who showed up at this portrayal of the Rajatarangini as the first work of history, the last referenced drawing out the basic release of the Rajatarangini and its full English interpretation, which is perused right up til the present time. 23 February 2011. Comments have to be in English, and in full sentences. Its heyday was the 13th and 14th centuries, broadly the period straddling the phase of Sanskrit literature to which He devoted his time to sensual pleasures, and neglected royal duties. The version was entitled Behr-ul-Asmar, (or the sea of tales). It was translated into Persian by the orders of the later Muslim ruler Zain-ul-Abidin. A view of Ziyarat Naqshband Sahab from its yard. Kalhana himself, notwithstanding, doesnt appear to have worked for any ruler. Dethroned by Utpalaka's rival Mamma and the latter's son Yashovarman. Answer. [9][10][11], According to Wink, Shah Mir may have been an Afghan or a Qaruna Turk, or even a Tibetan. Postmodernism refers to mid to late 20th century. that Shah Mir traced his descent to Arjuna, the basis of their account being Jonarajas Fairness: That noble-minded author is alone worthy of praise whose word, like that of a judge, keeps free from love or hatred in relating the facts of the past. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Users can access their older comments by logging into their accounts on Vuukle. His writing is full of literary devices and allusions, concealed by his unique and elegant style. But even this account is not fully reliable from a historical point of view. Sultan Zain-Ul-Abidin of Kashmir had the famous historical work, Rajatarangini, and the Mahabharata translated into Persian. Son of Durlabhaka and Shrinarendraprabha. Deccan education society is an organization which runs 43 education establishments in Maharastra, Pune founded by Bal Gangadhar Tilak. He abdicated the throne, and a became a hermit to seek peace. Then Lalitaditiya meets the Bhauttas in Baltistan in western Tibet north of Kashmir, then the Dardas in Karakoram/Himalaya, the Valukambudhi and then he encounters Strirajya, the Uttarakurus and the Pragjyotisha respectively (IV.165-175). Hence the correct answer is Option B. Verse 7. Jogesh Chandra Dutt in the late 19th century. Toromanu is clearly the Huna king of that name, but his father Mihirakula is given a date 700 years earlier. Copyright 2023, THG PUBLISHING PVT LTD. or its affiliated companies. From the regulation of commodities to the reviving of old crafts, Abidin did everything for overall development of Kashmir and his subjects. An astrologer prophesied that his son-in-law would succeed him as the king. Rajatharangini promises to arouse a great deal of interest among readers. They accepted that this late work was a one-of-a-kind exemption in 3,000 years of Sanskrit abstract culture, which they blamed for totally inadequate regarding a feeling of history even as it had large amounts of sacred writing and folklore. Rajatarangini, (Sanskrit: River of Kings) historical chronicle of early India, written in Sanskrit verse by the Kashmiri Brahman Kalhana in 1148, that is justifiably considered to be the best and most authentic work of its kind. [18] Waqfs were endowed to shrines, mosques were commissioned, numerous Sufi preachers were provided with jagirs and installed in positions of authority, and feasts were regularly held. He reigned for three years and five months from 1339 to 1342 CE. (I.191) He belonged to. Was this answer helpful? Gopikrishna Shastri (Ujjain) also translated the work into. and is known in general as a publisher willing to take chances with nontraditional The Mahabharata and Kalhana's Rajatarangini were translated into Persian by his order. He dug profound into such model functions as the Harshacharita and the Brihat-Samhita sagas and utilised with a praiseworthy commonality the neighbourhood rajakathas (regal accounts) and such past chips away at Kashmir as Nripavali by Kshemendra, Parthiva Wali by Helaraja, and Nilamatapurana. In 1343 CE, Sultan Jamshid suffered a defeat by his brother who ascended the throne as Sultan Alau'd-Din in 1347 CE. He delved deep into such model works as the Harsacarita and the Brihat-samhita epics and used with commendable familiarity the local rajakathas (royal chronicles) and such previous works on Kashmir as Nripavali by Kshemendra, Parthivavali by Helaraja, and Nilamatapurana. Concerning past occasions, Kalhana wrote that the material was genuinely picky. Has data issue: true Thus (IV.678) is Book IV verse 678. Rajatarangini was translated into Persian by Zain-ul-Abidin order. Qutbuddin died and was succeeded by his son Sultan Sikander also known as the Sikander Butshikand. Render date: 2023-03-04T12:29:12.553Z Total loading time: 0 Kalhana appears to made little attempt to determine the actual sequence of rule of the kings and dynasties he recorded). Son of Aksha. His queen eloped with a Buddhist monk, so he destroyed the Buddhist monasteries and gave their land to the Brahmins. Get all the important information related to the Railway Exam including the process of application, important calendar dates, eligibility criteria, exam centers etc. It was translated into Persian by the orders of the later Muslim ruler Zain-ul-Abidin. He erected a monument at. [28] He was defeated by Sultan Zain-ul-Abidin at Thanna with the help of Jasrath Khokhar, a chieftain from Pothohar Plateau. 10-year-old child of Nirjitavarman; placed on throne by the Tantrins. Next Sultan of Kashmir was Haji Khan, who succeeded his father Zain-ul-Abidin and took the title of Haidar Khan.[30]. Subscriber Only Stories View All Buy 2-year plan with SD20 code for special price Murdered by Radda. [15], He was the only Shah Mir ruler to keep Hindu courtiers in his court. He was followed by his two sons who became kings in succession. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Look through examples of translation in sentences, listen to pronunciation and learn grammar. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. [19][21] Scholars caution against accepting the allegations at face value and attributing them solely to religious bigotry. 1 Answer. From there, Buddhism spread to several other adjoining regions including Central Asia, Tibet and China. Jonaraja became a Kashmiri antiquarian and Sanskrit writer. When did the capital of India shift from Kolkata to New Delhi? The dynasty was established by Shah Mir in 1339 CE, there are two theories regarding Shah Mir's origin. Son of Lalitapida and his concubine Jayadevi. He was adopted as a son by his maternal grandfather, and assumed the title Pratapaditya after the title of the grandfather's dynasty. Son of Vijaya: his "long arms reached to his knees". [clarification needed], From Infogalactic: the planetary knowledge core, Koenraad Elst: Update on the Aryan Invasion Debate 1999, https://infogalactic.com/w/index.php?title=Rajatarangini&oldid=559022, Articles needing expert attention with no reason or talk parameter, Articles needing expert attention from November 2008, Articles with disputed statements from March 2012, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from June 2011, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, About Infogalactic: the planetary knowledge core. Get answers to the most common queries related to the Railway Examination Preparation. Later, in the time of Firuz, Sanskrit books on medicine and music were translated into Persian. The famous story of Nala and Damayanti was also rendered into Persian by Faizi and was . It covers the whole range of history in Kashmir from the earliest times to the date of its synthesis. Owing to a certain want of care, there is not a single part in Ksemendra's "List of Kings" (Nrpavali) free from mistakes, though it is the work of a poet. The chronicles only start to align with other evidence by book IV. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. Report Error Younger brother of Chandrapida and Tarapida. Like the Shahnameh is to Persia, the Rajatarangini is to Kashmir. (Stay up to date on new book releases, reviews, and more with The Hindu On Books newsletter. His half-brother Vijaymalla rebelled against him, and got Harsha released from prison. He also got the Mahabharata and Rajatarangini. Notes in parentheses refer to a book ("Taranga") and verse. Its apt choice of kavya (poetry), as felicitously described by Shonaleeka Kaul, makes for a versatile and flexible mode that can entertain the mythic and the folk alongside classical and conventionalised registers of imagination and representation. He called back the Hindus who had left Kashmir during his father reign and allowed building of temples. It covers the whole range of history in the Kashmir district from the earliest times to the date of its synthesis. He was also called the Lalitaditya of Medieval Kashmir as he erected many mosques and monasteries. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). . Critically Edited by Walter Slaje with an Annotated Translation, Indexes and Maps. The Rajataringini provides the earliest source on Kashmir that can be labeled as a "historical" text on this region. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. Died young. Verse 12. Murdered his father, and starved his half-brothers to death. The fate of Ali Shah is uncertain: he may have died in captivity or have been put to death by Khokhar.[28]. Sultan Shihabud-din did not have a large number of soldiers to battle against the Kashgar army. This refers to the fact that the power had passed to the brothers of a queen, who was born in a family of spirit-distillers. In subsequent years, through his tact and ability Shah Mir rose to prominence and became one of the most important personalities of his time. No examples found, consider adding one please. For example, Kalhana has highly exaggerated the military conquests of Lalitaditya Muktapida.[18][19]. [4] It is known, however, that Mihirakula was the son of Toramana. Verse 14. Uninvolved personally in the maelstrom of contemporary politics, he nevertheless was profoundly affected by it and stated the following to be his ideal: That noble-minded poet alone merits praise whose word, like the sentence of a judge, keeps free from love or hatred in recording the past. (Arjuna) of Mahabharata fame. } Although inaccurate in its chronology, the book still provides an invaluable source of information about early Kashmir and its neighbors in the north western parts of the Indian subcontinent, and has been widely referenced by later historians and ethnographers. Kalhana states that the valley of Kashmir was formerly a lake. Kalhana relates that Lalitaditya Muktapida invaded the tribes of the north and after defeating the Kambojas, he immediately faced the Tusharas. For instance, Marcus Aurel Stein (1900) thought the way of talking and instructional pieces of the Rajatarangini that were in kvya style was essentially detached with the story legitimate, which was recorded, while Buhler arraigned the retreat to legend and fantasy as delivering the sequence of a huge piece of the message worthless and its creator suspect. As history of Kashmir, it has its undoubted deficiencies in terms of conventional chronology and the complex tapestry of myth and legend that it has largely woven together as content, but then In style the Rajatarangini narrative is sometimes considered as versified prose on a massive scale, yet its strong structural appeal made it a model for later historians. Notes in parentheses refer to a book ("Taranga") and verse. [32] He died in 1550 after being killed in battle with the Kashmiris. Answer: It is court chronicle that deals with the history of rulers of Kashmir. the solo work of history legitimate to rise out of old India. Kishan Joshi, the Ganga Dhar, the Mahesh, the Mahanand and others. His writing is full of literary devices and allusions, concealed by his unique and elegant style. There are several discrepancies between the Ashoka mentioned in Kalhana's account and the Mauryan emperor Ashoka. Uchchala's step-brother; became the king after Radda's death. Verse 15. Here maybe Kutumbi = kunabi (as in kurmis of UP and. [7] Romila Thapar equates Jalauka to Kunala, stating that "Jalauka" is an erroneous spelling caused by a typographical error in Brahmi script. Her son was Chippatajayapida. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Historian A. Q. Rafiqi states that some Persian chronicles of Kashmir describe Shah Mir as a descendant of the rulers of Swat. Son of Hiranyakula. Son of Vajraditya II and Mangjarika. However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. The kings of Kashmir described in the Rjatarangi can be roughly grouped into dynasties as in the table below. Sanskrit is a Indo-Aryan part of the Indo-European dialects. In Books V and VI the history of the dynasty continues to 1003, when the kingdom of Kashmir passed on to a new dynasty, the Lohara. Devout Shaivite. The only significance of his rule is that the Sufi saint Mir Sayyid Ali Hamadani arrived at Kashmir in his reign. Learn about a brief history of Adi Shankaracharya, one of the most revered teachers in India's spiritual history. 2011 Duke University Press Kalhana describes Shamkaravarman (883902) thus (Stein's trans. Jogesh Chandra Dutt in the late 19th century. The courtyard of the Jama Masjid, Srinagar. However, very little about those reigns are known anyway in compare to the later dynasties. Abstract. Horace Hayman Wilson partially translated the work, and wrote an essay based on it, titled The Hindu History of Kashmir (published in Asiatic Researches Volume 15). This item is part of a JSTOR Collection. Book III starts with an account of the reign of Meghavahana of the restored line of Gonanda and refers to the brief reign of Matrigupta, a supposed contemporary of Vikramaditya Harsha of Malwa. Answer: Kalhana was the author of Rajatarangini (River of Kings), an account of the history of Kashmir. rajatarangini of kalhana vol iv - dr. raghunath singh_part3, rajatarangini of kalhana vol ii - dr. raghunath singh_part3, rajatarangini - shri ramtej shastri pandey_part3. Son of Shankaravarman; ruled with help of his mother Sugandha; Murdered, Brother of Gopalavarman, died soon after ascending the throne. Zain-ul-Abidin was also known as 'the Akbar of Kashmir'. Postmodernism is the literary period, the beat generation aligned with. Traces of genuine history are also found, however, in references to the Mauryan emperors Ashoka and Jalauka; the Buddhist Kushan kings Hushka (Huviska), Jushka (Vajheska), and Kanishka (Kaniska); and Mihirakula, a Huna king. Ruler of Kashgar (Central Asia) once attacked Kashmir with a large army. recognized as the most authoritative and prestigious publication in the There are four English translations of Rjatarangi by: Ranjit Sitaram Pandit Verse 7. Jonaraja in his Dvitiya Rajatara? In 1574, Akbar established a translation bureau (maktab khana) at his capital of Fatehpur Sikri. Rajatarangini 's first translation into a foreign language was as long ago as in the first decade of the 13th century, by Haidar Malik into Persian. He was given the title of Raja by the Mughal emperor Akbar Shah II in the year 1830 as he had gone to England as an envoy of the emperor. After that, the English translation appeared under the aegis of the Asiatic Society in 1835 and the French translation in 1852. Kalhana wrote it was brilliantly prepared for the work. As the result of the decline in linguistic oriented approaches, Translation Studies witnessed a move towards a more descriptive and cultural direction in the 1990s. In fact, the history of Kashmir was continued, along Kalhanas line, down to some years after the annexation of Kashmir by the Mughal emperor Akbar (1586) in the following works: Rajatarangini (by Jonaraja), Jainatarangini (by Shrivara), and Rajavalipataka (by Prajyabhatta and Shuka). The work consists of 7826 verses, which are divided into eight books called Tarangas (waves). Among other things that fall within its wide sweep, the work contains references not only to such things as the countrys episodic encounters with China across the border, but also to the depredations of Mahmud Ghazni in Kashmirs neighbourhood around 1013 that portended the eventual Islamic conquest of Kashmir, the land variously heirs to the spiritual heritage of Hindu, Buddhist and Jain faiths. For example, Ranaditya is given a reign of 300 years. It covers the whole range of history in the Kashmir district from the earliest times to its synthesis. Each issue contains four to five feature articles on topics In that officials, Abul Fazi translated Ramayana into Persian. Son of Sangramapida II. Verse 13. Translations. She was pregnant at the time of her husband's death, and Krishna helped her ascend the throne. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Feature Flags: { After Vikramadityas death, Matrigupta abdicated the throne in favour of Pravarasena. [3] The work consists of 7826 verses, which are divided between eight books called tarangas ("waves"). Corrections? The work generally records the heritage of Kashmir, but 120 verses of Rjatarangi describe the misrule prevailing in Kashmir during the reign of King Kalash, son of King Ananta Deva of Kashmir. Match words . Uchchala's brother; ascended throne with Gargachandra's support, Harsha's grandson, who had escaped Uchchala's revolt. For example, Ranaditya is given a reign of 300 years. Eleven works of former scholars containing the chronicles of the kings, I have inspected, as well as the [Purana containing the] opinions of the sage Nila.